Changes in e cigarette and cigarette use during pregnancy and their association with small for gestational age birth ScienceDirect E cigarettes help pregnant smokers quit without risk to pregnancy Nursing in Practice Smoking e cigarettes while pregnant could increase risk of birth defects, study suggests The Independent The Independent E cigarette taxation, pre pregnancy and pre natal smoking, and birth outcomes CEPR Vaping more effective than patches for pregnant women, study finds Dr Colin Mendelsohn Quitting and pregnancy